Learning to web code, Prerequisites

Hardware Connectivity

• Devices: Server / Desktop / Other Devices
• Storage: Drives / Volumes / File Tree Structure / Mirrors
• Components: Disk Memory / RAM / CPU / GPU

Communication & Protocols

1. Physical Network Layer

• Ethernet
• Wi-Fi
• Router / Switch

2. Data Link Layer

• MAC Address

3. Network Layer

• Local LAN / Internet WAN
• IP Addresses: IPv4 / IPv6
• DHCP / Dynamic / Static IPs

4. Transport Layer

• UDP: Ports / Communication

5. Transport Layer

• TCP/IP: Ports / Communication

6. Data Encoding

• Binary / Hex / Byte
• Bit Depth: 8-bit / 16-bit / 32-bit / 64-bit
• Data Types: Float / String / Characters
• Compression: gzip / deflate

7. Application Layer

• Domain Names & DNS:
  • Registration / TLDs
  • DNS Records: NS / A / AAAA
• HTTP Protocol:
  • Requests / Responses
  • Status Codes: 200, 301 (permanent), 302 (temporary), 403, 404, 500
  • Methods: GET / POST / etc.
  • URL Components
  • HTTPS / SSL / Certificates

File Data & Formats

• Text / ASCII / End-of-Line
• File Structures / Extensions
• Images / CSS / JavaScript

HTML Basics

• Title / Meta / Body
• Links: Relative & Absolute URLs
• Text Editors

Functioning Internet

• Client / Server Model
• Browsers & Web Servers
• Search Engines / Page Indexing / Scraping
• HTML Web Pages

Browser Fundamentals

• What is a browser
• Developer Tools: Inspect / Console / Network
• Elements: HTML / Links / Images / JS / CSS / Objects

HTML Elements

• Tags / Attributes
• Headings / Paragraphs / Forms
• Layout using CSS

Websites

Domain Management

• Buying / Renewal / Rules / Pricing

Top-Level Domains (TLDs)

• Generic TLDs (gTLDs):
  • Original: .com / .org / .net / .edu / .gov
  • Sponsored: .museum / .travel
  • Modern: .app / .tech / .xyz / .online / .shop / .blog
• Country Code TLDs (ccTLDs):
  • Examples: .au / .uk / .nz / .us (US defaults to .com)
  • ccTLDs used as gTLDs: .io / .tv / .me / .ai

Web Servers

• Hosting / cPanel / DNS
• File Structure / URLs / APIs
• File Permissions / Users
• Data Handling: Files / Databases
• Sessions & Cookies

HTTP Structure

• HTTP Header / Body
• HTML Header / Body

Programming

Languages

• PHP
• JavaScript

Programming Fundamentals (JavaScript)

• Basics:
  • Variables / Data Types
  • Operators / Expressions
• Control Structures:
  • if/else, switch
  • Loops: for / while
• Functions:
  • Writing & Calling
  • Parameters & Return Values
• DOM Manipulation:
  • Selecting Elements
  • Event Handling: click, input, etc.
• Debugging:
  • console.log
  • Breakpoints / Error Messages

Server-Side Basics (PHP)

• Client vs Server:
  • PHP runs on the server
  • JavaScript runs in the browser
  • Server processes PHP before sending HTML
• PHP Syntax:
  • echo, print, Variables
  • Control Structures / Functions
• Form Handling:
  • GET vs POST
  • Secure Input Handling
• Sessions & Cookies:
  • Basic User State Management

Security Essentials

• Validating User Input
• Preventing Vulnerabilities:
  • XSS
  • SQL Injection
• HTTPS
• Password Hashing